“turning point” in the history of the Broadway musical. Often
characterized as the first integrated musical―meaning that the songs and
other elements of the show are integrated into the story―James O’Leary
offers a different interpretation of Oklahoma! and other musicals at the beginning of Broadway’s Golden Age in The Middlebrow Musical: Between Broadway and Opera in 1940s America
(Oxford University Press, 2025). Contextualizing his discussion within
debates among US critics, O’Leary argues that the negotiation between
operatic and popular music, and between frothy comedy and more serious
themes mark the musicals he analyzes as examples of the middlebrow.
Through detailed archival work, O’Leary uncovers the crucial critical
networks that originally theorized a middlebrow approach to culture,
beginning in the literary circles of Van Wyck Brooks and Archibald
MacLeish, and radiating outward to major theater and music critics
including Brooks Atkinson and Olin Downes. These writers believed
American culture had splintered into factions, which in turn divided
American audiences: highbrow art, which they regarded as obscure and
elitist; folk art, which they found provincial and alienating; and
popular culture, which they considered merely commercial. Blending these
kinds of art, they argued, could draw together a fractured society into
mutual understanding (if not necessarily agreement) by situating the
most sophisticated ideas within longstanding expressive traditions,
accessible to all. O’Leary finds in Oklahoma!, Beggar’s Holiday, and Street Scene a new kind of musical comedy that embraced American politics and weighty stories in ways not seen before 1943.
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